Weather/Meteorology                                                                                                      

                                                                                                                                               

1.     Climate – pattern of weather in a _________ area over a long period of time

http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/climate.htm

2.     Weather – condition of the atmosphere in a smaller area over a _____________ period of time

3.     Types of heat:

a.     R_____________ = how sun’s heat travels to us through space

b.     C_____________ = heat is transferred by contact (soil in beaker warms from outside in)

c.      Convection = heat rises in one area and sinks in another; the air masses replace each other. (hot air __________, cold air ____________)

4.     Equatorial zones that receive most d________ sunlight = hottest.

5.     Cloud formation – W__________ evaporates into the air (water vapor) then rises, cools, and c_______________ onto dust particles in the upper atmosphere.  Clouds are millions of tiny w__________ droplets combined together. 

6.     Rain Shadow - More precipitation on top of mountains b/c it is colder, so more condensation.

http://animals.about.com/od/alpinemontaine/f/rainshadow.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/weather/tg/wrnshdw/wrnshdw.htm

7.     Convection current – air moving in a c__________ p_______ caused by u_________ h___________ of Earth. 

8.     Weather front – boundary between two ______ masses (where changes in weather occur)

types: stationary, cold, warm, etc.  http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/

9.     Water cycle – Ev______________, Tr_________________, Co_________________, Pr__________________, R___- O___, Fi_________________, Ac_________________, S_____________________

10. http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/index.html

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Watercycle.shtml

a.     Evaporation = water moves from __________ to _________ state; heat _________

b.     Condensation = water moves from ________ to _________ state; heat _________

c.      Sublimation = water moves from __________ to _________ state; heat _________

NOTES:

Astronomy/Space Science – Earth-Moon-Sun System                                                    

1.     Seasons – summer = axis tilts t_______ sun, winter = axis tilted a_______ from sun.

2.     Moon Phases – new/can’t see, full/see whole side, waxing = getting bigger, waning =getting smaller, gibbous, crescent  http://www.moonconnection.com/moon_phases.phtml

3.     Eclipses

a.     Solar = S____ blocked out (caused by shadow of m______ on E_______), only seen from certain places on Earth http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/SEprimer.html

b.     Lunar = m_______ blocked out (caused by shadow of E______ on m______) Seen from everywhere on Earth     http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/LEprimer.html

4.     Rotation – Planet s______ on its axis = 1 day (24 hrs), same length all over the world,

Revolution – one complete o______ of planet = 1 year, same length all over the world, 365 days

 

Universe, Galaxy, Solar System

                                                                                                                                               

1.     Planet – orbits a s________                Moon – orbits a p_________ (also called a satellite)

2.     Star – gaseous ball of fire. How many in our solar system?  __________

3.     Dwarf planets =  C______, Pluto, H__________, M____________, E______

 

4.     Inner planets – M____________, Venus, E__________, Mars

Outer planets - Jupiter, S____________, Uranus, N_____________

 

 

Relative size

State of Matter

Spacing pattern

Inner Planets

 

 

 

Outer Planets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.     A____________ Belt – big space rocks between Mars and Jupiter

 

6.     K____________ Belt – region beyond Neptune that is full of comets, asteroids and other debris.

 

7.     Comets – have a tail, made of ________ , orbit the _________ http://www.kidsastronomy.com/comets.htm    

 

8.     draw a line to the correct definition       

                                               i.     meteor                      space rock

                                              ii.     meteorite                 when space rock enters atmosphere

                                            iii.     meteoroid                when it hits E’s surface

 

9.     Biggest item  U_________, G_________, S_______ S________, P_______ Sa_______  smallest item

                           (M_____ W___) 

 

 

Earth Science – Plate Tectonics (look at map across from library)

                                   

1.     Earthquakes – seismic waves (P and S) are the energy released from the earthquake’s focus. 

2.     P-waves travel ___________ than S-waves.

a.     S_____________ are the instruments that record the seismic waves.

b.     Richter Scale – measures the ________________ release of a moderate earthquake (magnitude 3-7)

c.      Moment magnitude – measures the energy release of l_________ s_________ earthquakes

d.     Mercalli Intensity scale – measures the _________________ the earthquake causes.

3.     Inner Earth– crust, m_____________ (plastic,) outer core (liquid,) inner core (solid)

4.     Volcanoes – shield, composite/stratovolcano, cinder cone,

5.     Mountain formation

a.     Coast range – plates c_________, not v_____________, folded mountains

b.     Cascade Range – Pacific plate s_____________ under the North American. plate, v_____________. 

c.      Himalayan Range – I________ plate colliding with the Eurasian plate, not v_____________ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/earth/shock.html

6.     Alfred Wegener = Theory of C_____________________ Drift     http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/plate_reconstruction/platereconstruction.html

7.     Evidence of Pangaea  – F___________, M______________,  g________ s______________, & c_______________ shapes all match  http://sio.ucsd.edu/voyager/earth_puzzle/

8.     Theory of Plate Tectonics – http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/Vigil.html http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/teachers/platemovement.html

a.     Convergent – found along c____________________, plates move _______________

b.      Divergent – m______- o____________ r_____________, plates move  ________________

c.       Transform boundaries – S_____ A___________ F__________, plates move ________________

d.      Subduction zones  -  Area where o____________ crust plunges under continental crust

9.     Why the plates move: basal drag  (c___________ in mantle,) s________ __________ (gravity), ridge push (magma forces to surface)

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_convection2.html 

http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/dynamicearth/convection/driving_forces/index.htm

10. Continental Shelf – “edge” of continent, under ocean  http://www.hampton.va.us/eoc/weather/cshelf.html 

NOTES

Geology

                                                                                                                                               

1.     Rock Cycle – melting/cooling, heat/pressure, compaction/cementation 

http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/index.html  click through the whole thing!

a.      Weathering – b_________ the rock, erosion – m___________ of rock particles  

Go to Barb’s website and click “geology links”

b.     Igneous = V_________

·      i____________ or plutonic: from m_________, ex. granite, large crystals

·      e____________ or volcanic: from l______, ex. obsidian, basalt

c.      Sedimentary –

·      cl_________: layered, deposition ex. sandstone

·      ch_________________: crystals from evaporation of water, stalactite, stalagmite ex. thunderegg

·      organic: f_________ buried in layers of s____________

d.     Metamorphic – (gumdrops) ex. gneiss, slate

·      F_________: flattened crystals

·      Non-f___________: mangled/folded

2.     Geologic Time Scale - http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/Geologictime.html

3.     Finding relative ages of rocks = comparing which one is older

a.     Law of S_______________________ - helps determine relative ages of rocks

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es2903/es2903page03.cfm

b. Index fossils – organisms that lived for a relatively s_____ time and are common in the f________ record.  http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/fossils.html

c. Carbon dating (C-14) – helps determine age of organic remains 

      http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/radiocarbon-dating.html  click on “launch interactive”

 

NOTES